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GAMT备考 | RC如何用“结构法”解决主旨题?

2022-03-30 10:24:37 | 阅读图标 阅读 2179    
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摘要: GMAT考试的RC部分在考察时会出现各种题型,常见的大分类是:主旨题、细节题、逻辑题。而主旨题出现的频率也算是比较高的了。这种题型我们在做的过程经常会因为文章内容、或者部分单词、句子等因素导致正确率不是特别稳定。

GMAT考试的RC部分在考察时会出现各种题型,常见的大分类是:主旨题、细节题、逻辑题。主旨题出现的频率也算是比较高的了。这种题型我们在做的过程经常会因为文章内容、或者部分单词、句子等因素导致正确率不是特别稳定。


众所周知,GMAT的核心点不在于考察考生的语言能力,因为GMAT官方默认来参加考试的同学都是拥有英语母语的阅读能力。因此,其着重强调的是行文逻辑或者叫文章结构。那么我们今天就一起看看如何通过文章结构的方式去解决主旨题

题目练习

在此之前,我们先来阅读以下文章,并且完成以下题目:
注意,文章中可能会出现部分生词或者读不懂的句子。读不懂的单词,尽量通过句子前后进行猜测,或者用首字母来代替某一生词。句子若都不懂,仅需要通过前后句推测该句在文中的作用即可。

准备好了吗?那就开始吧!


文章:

Recent feminist scholarship concerning the United States in the 1920s challenges earlier interpretations that assessed the 1920s in terms of the unkept “promises” of the women’s suffrage movement. This new scholarship disputes the long-held view that because a women’s voting bloc did not materialize after women gained the right to vote in 1920, suffrage failed to produce long-term political gains for women. These feminist scholars also challenge the old view that pronounced suffrage a failure for not delivering on the promise that the women’s vote would bring about moral, corruption-free governance. Asked whether women’s suffrage was a failure, these scholars cite the words of turn-of-the-century social reformer Jane Addams, “Why don’t you ask if suffrage in general is failing?”


In some ways, however, these scholars still present the 1920s as a period of decline. After suffrage, they argue, the feminist movement lost its cohesiveness, and gender consciousness waned. After the mid-1920s, few successes could be claimed by feminist reformers: little could be seen in the way of legislative victories.


During this decade, however, there was intense activism aimed at achieving increased autonomy for women, broadening the spheres within which they lived their daily lives. Women’s organizations worked to establish opportunities for women: they strove to secure for women the full entitlements of citizenship, including the right to hold office and the right to serve on juries.


题目:

The passage is primarily concerned with


A.providing evidence indicating that feminist reformers of the 1920s failed to reach some of their goals


B.presenting scholarship that contrasts suffragist “promises” with the historical realities of the 1920s


C.discussing recent scholarship concerning the achievements of women’s suffrage during the 1920s and presenting an alternative view of those achievements


D.outlining recent findings concerning events leading to suffrage for women in the 1920s and presenting a challenge to those findings


E.providing support for a traditional view of the success of feminist attempts to increase gender consciousness among women during the 1920s


很多同学在对文章进行整体阅读的时候。对于读什么内容、用什么方式去读存在疑惑。导致在文章读完之后,对于文章结构、内容并不清晰。因此,在选择答案的时候也是一脸疑惑。感觉每个答案都是对、或者某些答案又不知道如何去排除。

解题要点

那么针对上述问题,掌握固定的文章结构就显得尤为重要了。GMAT文章常见结构有:总分、对比(对照)、并列、递进其中对比或者对照结构居多。那么对比结构具体是什么的呢?我们来看一下其大概框架:


第一段:A(表示某一群人)提出观点

第二段:However, B(另一个部分)提出不同的观点。


文章的主旨:A + B的观点概括。
看到这个框架是不是觉得非常简单,事实也是如此。如果能够在文章中挑出这些两部分观点,并且与选项进行对应和排除。那么主旨题的就非常容易上手了。

解题过程

Recent feminist scholarship(A) concerning the United States in the 1920s challenges earlier interpretations that assessed the 1920s in terms of the unkept “promises” of the women’s suffrage movement. This new scholarship disputes the long-held view that because a women’s voting bloc did not materialize after women gained the right to vote in 1920, suffrage failed to produce long-term political gains for women. These feminist scholars also challenge the old view that pronounced suffrage a failure for not delivering on the promise that the women’s vote would bring about moral, corruption-free governance. Asked whether women’s suffrage was a failure, these scholars(A) cite the words of turn-of-the-century social reformer Jane Addams, “Why don’t you ask if suffrage in general is failing?”


In some ways, however, these scholars(A)still present the 1920s as a period of decline. After suffrage, they argue, the feminist movement lost its cohesiveness, and gender consciousness waned. After the mid-1920s, few successes could be claimed by feminist reformers: little could be seen in the way of legislative victories.


During this decade, however(B)there was intense activism aimed at achieving increased autonomy for women, broadening the spheres within which they lived their daily lives. Women’s organizations worked to establish opportunities for women: they strove to secure for women the full entitlements of citizenship, including the right to hold office and the right to serve on juries. (与1,2段内容表述相反)

 
文章分析:
首段中找到了recent scholars,这是第一部分对某件事情进行观点描述的主体(A),其观点就是后面challenge(质疑),质疑的内容(women’s suffrage)女性的选举权。其后面的内容,又提到these scholars。主体未变,说明他们还在进一步地质疑。


第二段中虽然出现了however, 但是主体还是these scholars,内容仍然是在suffrage, 时间为1920s。此处需要讲一下,当看到However的时候,需要注重看后面的内容。如果跟前句或前段内容描述相反,其表示转折效果。若未出现,其描述的逻辑方面与前面相同。


第三段中出现了however, 但是主体并没有看到是什么人群(若看到这种句子,则默认是作者的态度。)后面的内容出现了increase, 和勾划出decline形成了反义。因此,however, 表示转折。


总结,整篇文章就在围绕着women’s suffrage在进行讨论。那么开始对比选项。


对比结构的文章,主旨需正确选项:双方讨论的点 + 不同或反驳的点。

题目:
The passage is primarily concerned with
 
A. providing evidence indicating that feminist reformers of the 1920s failed to reach some of their goals(此部分内容未提及,无法概括主旨。)

B.presenting scholarship that contrasts suffragist “promises” with the historical realities of the 1920s(次部分内容未提及,无法概括主旨。)

C.discussing recent scholarship concerning the achievements of women’s suffrage during the 1920s(1,2段内容的核心) and presenting an alternative view of those achievements(3段的内容概括,提出另外的看法)

D. outlining recent findings concerning events leading to suffrage for women in the 1920s and presenting a challenge to those findings(C选项的干扰答案,虽然作者态度有转折。但是态度并未达到质疑的程度。因此相对于C来说,D选项不选。)

E. providing support for a traditional view of the success of feminist attempts to increase gender consciousness among women during the 1920s(次部分内容未提及,无法概括原文。)


因此,本题选C。

方法总结

对于主旨题,最清晰的解题思路就是通过文章的结构来归纳总结主旨内容。


上述文章属于4种文章结构中常见的对比式,因此文章中出现However的段落需要注意,判断是否是对比。


主旨题的选项就可以归纳为:主要讨论的点 + 反驳或相关的点

 
主旨题除了对照式以外,还有总分、并列、递进结构。同时我们也可以根据选项动词和错误选项类型进行排除


如果你想继续了解GMAT其他的题型技巧,可以关注我们的知识专栏或者来到我的课堂进行学习哦。
 
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本文作者
个人简介:

Paddy, 英语专业八级,CATTI三级口译证,教资证书。多年外企工作翻译经验,熟悉英美文化,多年一线教学经验,上课风格严谨,逻辑清晰,擅长从GMAT考试本质出发。阅读方法讲究“从文章结构出发”、“快速定位”,帮助众多学员取得满意成绩。


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